天麻（开宝本草）赤箭（神农本草经）
Gastrodia elata Bl., Mus. Bot. Ludg. Bat. 2: 174. 1856; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 122. 1890; Rolfe in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 48. 1903; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4 : 156. 1919;中国高等植物图鉴5: 657.图8143. 1976;秦岭植物志1: 418.图407. 1976; 台湾植物志5: 1003. 1978; S. Chow et S. C. Chen in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5 (4): 364. 1983; 西藏植物志5: 660.图341. 1987; 安徽植物志5: 530.图3065. 1992;横断山区维管植物2: 2558. 1994;东北植物检索表 (第二版) 897.图453 (5). 1995.——Gastrodia mairei Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 105, 1913. ——Gastrodia elata Bl. var. gracilis Pamp. in Nuov. Bot. Ital. n. ser., 22: 271. 1915. ——Gastrodia elata Bl. f. pilifera Tuyama in J. Jap. Bot. 17: 582. 1941.
Sparse forests, open places in forests, forest margins, thicket margins; 400-3200 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia (Far East)]. |
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Plants 30-100 cm, rarely to 200 cm tall. |
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Rhizomes usually ellipsoid, 8-12 cm, stout, 3-5(-7) cm in diam., sometimes larger, fleshy, densely noded, with triangular or broadly ovate scales at nodes. |
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Peduncle orange, yellow, grayish brown, or greenish, 25-80(-150) cm, with several membranous sheaths toward base; rachis 5-30(-50) cm, subdensely to densely 20-50-flowered; floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, 10-16 mm, often exceeding ovary, membranous, apex acuminate. Flowers suberect, resupinate, opening weakly, orange, pale yellow, bluish green, or yellowish white; pedicel and ovary 7-12 mm. Perianth tube urceolate, 8-10 × 5-7 mm, with a deep sinus between lateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; free portion of sepals ovate-triangular, 3-5 mm, apex obtuse; free portion of petals suboblong, smaller than sepal lobes, apex acute; lip obscurely 3-lobed, oblong-ovoid, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, glabrous, base clawed, apical margin irregularly fimbriate; claw with a pair of gibbous foldings; disk papillose, with a pair of fleshy reniform calli. Column 5-7 mm; column foot short. Capsule obovoid-ellipsoid, 14-18 × 8-9 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24, 30, 36.
花果期5-7月。 |
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