头蕊兰（新拟）长叶头蕊兰（中国高等植物图鉴）
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 38: 81. 1888;秦岭植物志1: 415.图404. 1976;中国高等植物图鉴5: 650.图8130. 1976. ——Serapias helleborine L. ζ. longifolia L. , Sp. Pl. 950. 1753. ——Serapias longifolia Huds. , Fl. Angl. 341. 1762.——Serapias grandiflora L. Var. ensifolia L. f. , Suppl. 404. 1781.——Epipactis ensifolia Sw. in Vet. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 232. 1800.——Cephalanthera ensifolia (Sw. ) L. C. Rich. , Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 60. 1818. ——Cephalanthera acuminata Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7405. 1832, et Gen. Sp. Oarch. pl. 412. 1840.——Cephalanthera mairei Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 38. 1919.——Cephalanthera ensifolia (Sw. ) L. C. Rich. var. acuminata (Lindl. ) T. Tang et F. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. 1: (1) : 67. 1951.
Forests, thickets, along streams, open grasslands; 1000–3600 m. S Gansu, W Henan, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi, W Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe]. The extensive extra-Chinese synonymy is not cited here. |
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Plants leafy, autotrophic, 20–50 cm tall. Stem slender to somewhat robust, with 3–5 loosely clasping basal sheaths, 4–7- leaved. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 4–16 ×0.5–3 cm, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Inflorescence subdensely 2–20-flowered; rachis 1.5–6 cm; floral bracts linearlanceolate to narrowly triangular, basal 1 or 2 usually foliaceous and to ca. 70 mm, distal ones 2–6 mm. |
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Flowers weakly spreading, white, 1–1.5 cm; pedicel and ovary 6–10 mm. Sepals narrowly rhombic-elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 11–16 × 3.5–4.5 mm, 5-veined, apex acuminate or subacute. Petals subobovate, 7–8 × ca. 4 mm, 5–7-veined, apex acute or mucronate; lip 5–7 × 6–9 mm, 2-partite; hypochile saccate, enclosed within bases of lateral sepals, with a small orange patch in middle of disk; hypochile lobes erect and embracing column, subovate-triangular, 3–4 mm, apex subacute; epichile triangularcordate, 3–4 × 5–6 mm, with 3–5 orange lamellae, densely papillose toward apex, apex obtuse to acute. Column 4–6 mm, with 2 small oblong wings; anther 2–2.5 mm; stigma stalked. Capsule elliptic, 1.7–2 × 0.6–0.8 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 16, 32, 34, 34 + 2B, 42. |
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