二叶红门兰（中国高等植物图鉴）
双花红门兰（秦岭植物志）
Orchis diantha Schltr. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 1: 131. 1924; Hand.-Mazz. , Symb. Sin. 7: 1324. 1936; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 611, 图8052. 1976; 秦岭植物志1(1): 398, 图385. 1976; T. Tang, F. T. Wang et K. Y. Lang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(4): 409, figs. 2(1-20), 1980; 西藏植物志5: 679, 图355: 1-2. 1987; 横断山区维管植物2: 2514. 1994;青海植物志4: 302. 1999.——Gymnadenia spathulata Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. pl. 280. 1835(Sep. ).——Orchis spathulata(Lindl. )Rchb. f. ex Benth. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 355. 1881, nom Linn. f. Suppl. 398. 1781; Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. pl. 22: t, 2197A . 1894. ——Orchis spathulata(Lindl. )Rchb. f. ex Benth. var. foliosa Finet in Rev. Gen. Bot. 13: 516. 1901. ——Orchis spathulata(Lindl. )Rchb. f. ex Benth. var. wilsonii Schltr. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 1: 132. 1924.——Galeorchis reichenbachii Nevski in Fl. USSR. 4: 670. 1935. ——Galeorchis diantha(Schltr. )Soo in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 12: 352. 1966.——Galeorchis spathulata(Lindl. )Soo, 1. c. 351.——Galeorchis spathulata(Lindl. )Soo var. wilsonii(Schltr. )Soo, 1. c. ——Galearis diantha(Schltr. )P. F. Hunt in Kew Bull. 26: 171. 1971. ——Galearis spathulata(Lindl. )P. F. Hunt, 1. c. 172.——Aorchis spathulata(Lindl. )Vemeulen in Jahresber. Naturwiss. Ver. Wuppertal. 25: 32. 1972 et Soo in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 20 (3-4): 350. 1974. ——Aorchis spathulata var. wilsonii(Schltr. )Soo, comb. nov. et var. foliosa Finet, 1. c.——Ponerorchis diantha(Schltr. )Soo, 1. c. 352.
产于陕西（宝鸡玉皇山）、甘肃东南部、青海东北部、四川西部、云南西北部和西藏东部至南部；生于海南2300-4300米的山坡灌丛下或高山草地上。锡金、印度北部也有。模式标本采自印度北部。 |
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植株高8-15厘米。无块茎，具伸长、细、平展的根状茎。茎直立，圆柱形，基部具1-2枚筒状、稍膜质的鞘，鞘之上具叶。叶通常2枚，近对生，少1枚，极罕为3枚，叶片狭匙状倒披针形、狭椭圆形、椭圆形或匙形，长2.3-9厘米，宽0.5-3厘米，先端圆钝、钝或急尖，基部渐狭成柄，柄长、对折，其下部抱茎。 |
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花茎直立，花序具1-5朵花，较疏生，长1.5-5厘米，多偏向一侧，花序轴无毛；花苞片直立伸展，近长圆形或狭椭圆状披针形，先端钝或急尖，最下部1枚常等于或长于花；子房纺锤形，扭转，无乳突，连花梗长7-9毫米；花紫红色；萼片近等长，近长圆形，长7-10毫米，宽2.5-4毫米，先端钝，中萼片直立，凹陷呈舟状，具3（或5）脉，与花瓣靠合呈兜状；侧萼片近直立伸展，稍偏斜，具3脉；花瓣直立，卵状长圆形或近长圆形，长6.5-8毫米，宽2.5-3.5毫米，先端钝，具3脉，边缘无睫毛；唇瓣长圆形、椭圆形、卵圆形或近四方形，与萼片等长，不裂，上面具乳头状突起，基部收狭呈短爪，具距，先端圆钝或近截形，略波状，边缘近全缘，无睫毛；距短，圆筒状，长约2毫米，较子房短很多，长不及子房长的1/2。
花期:6-8月。 |
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本种在四川西部俞德浚2275号和西藏察隅县（察瓦龙）王启无65642号的该同号标本的不同个体上，有的仅具1枚叶，有的则具2枚叶；而在云南俞德浚11576号和11726号的同号标本中，除具2枚叶的个体外，还有具3枚叶的个体，反映出本种叶的数目是有变化的，通常为2枚，少数具3枚，也有相当数量的个体仅具1枚，而具1枚叶的个体出现于我国四川西部、西藏东南部至印度北部。其叶片的形状、宽窄亦有较大的变化，从狭的匙状倒披针形、狭椭圆形、椭圆形至匙形，宽1-2.5厘米；花的唇瓣的形状及其基部收窄具爪的长短等均有变化。
在《Flora of China》中已经更名：二叶盔花兰
Galearis spathulata (Lindley) P. F. Hunt Kew Bull. 26: 172. 1971.
Gymnadenia spathulata Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 280. 1835; Aorchis spathulata (Lindley) Vermeulen; A. spathulata var. foliosa (Finet) Soó; A. spathulata var. wilsonii (Schlechter) Soó; Galearis diantha (Schlechter) P. F. Hunt; Galeorchis diantha (Schlechter) Soó; G. reichenbachii Nevski; G. spathulata (Lindley) Soó; G. spathulata var. wilsonii (Schlechter) Soó; Habenaria spathulata (Lindley) Bentham; Orchis diantha Schlechter; O. spathulata (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach ex Bentham (1881), not Linnaeus (1781); O. spathulata var. foliosa Finet; O. spathulata var. wilsonii Schlechter; Ponerorchis diantha (Schlechter) Soó.
Plants 8-15 cm tall. Rhizome slender. Stem with 1 or 2 tubular, somewhat membranous sheaths at base, (1 or)2(or 3)-leaved. Leaves subopposite, narrowly spatulate-oblanceolate, narrowly spatulate, or elliptic, 2.3-9 × 0.5-3 cm, base gradually attenuate into a long conduplicate sheath, apex obtuse-rounded to acute. Inflorescence 4-10 cm, slender to slightly fleshy; rachis to 2 cm, with 1-5 often secund flowers; floral bracts spreading, suboblong to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, apex obtuse or acute, basal one often equal to or longer than flower. Flowers spreading, purple, medium-sized to relatively large; ovary fusiform, 7-9 mm including pedicel. Sepals rose-purple, suboblong, 7-10 × 2.5-4 mm, subequal in length, apex obtuse; dorsal sepal erect, concave, 3(or 5)-veined; lateral sepals spreading, slightly oblique, 3-veined. Petals erect, forming a hood with dorsal sepal, purplish pink, ovate-oblong to broadly oblong, 6.5-8 × 2.5-3.5 mm, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lip simple, oblong, elliptic, ovate, or subsquare, 8-11 × 4-6.5 mm, longer than petals, base narrowed into a short claw, spurred, margin entire to slightly undulate, apex obtuse-rounded or subtruncate; disk purplish pink, spotted with dark purple, papillose; spur straight, cylindric, short, ca. 2 mm, much shorter than ovary, stout. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep.
Open forests, scrub, alpine meadows, roadsides; 2300-4300 m. SE Gansu, NE Qinghai, Shaanxi, W Sichuan, E and S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].